Method of and means for reducing line capacity.



E. H. & K. A. WIDEGREN.

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR REDUCING LINE CAPACITY.

APPLICATION FILED 0:020. 1913.

1,154,2'? Patented Sept. 21, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

v E. H. & K. A. WIDEGREN.

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR REDUCING LINE CAPACITY.

I APPLICATION FILED DEC. 20. I913.

Patented Sept. 21, 1915.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

M g I 66 75 551-4 55 5.7 My Wifi 9+1 5;

I JILIIIIIII W W UNITED STATES PA orrron.

EMIL HENRIK WIDEGREN AND KIQAS AUGUST WIDEGREN, OF ALBY, SWEDEN.

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR REDUCING LINE GAP ACITYF To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, EMIL HENRIK 'Wmaonnn and KLAS AUeUsr WIDEGREN,

subjects ofthe King of Sweden, and both residents of Alby, Swedenphave inventednew and useful Improvements in Methods of and Means for Reducing Line Capacity,

ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a method of and means for reducing the influence of the line capacity in actuating electric apparatus at a distance by means of pulsations obtained from a source of continuous electric current. If unindirectional pulsating currents are. transmitted from a source of continuous electric current through a connecting linein order to influence intermittently an electric apparatus of a receiving station, for instance a relay, it happens that if the conducting capacityof the line is great, the cur rent pulsations flow together so as to act continuously upon the receiving apparatus.

Various methods have been used inorder to counteract this disturbing influence of the capacity; the present invention has for its object to provide a new method for this purpose, as well as means necessary for carrying the method into practice.- The new method consists, chiefly, in transmitting on the line partly positive and negative pulsa-' tions of requisite strength to act upon the tion is transmitted.

The invention is illustratedin the accompanying drawings. a F'gure 1 shows diagrammatically the pulsation curve used accordin to this invention. Figs. 2 and 3 show iagrammatically some transmittin arrangements for effecting the pulsations llustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig.4 shows theapplication of the invention to a writing telegraph according ,to our U. S. Patent No. 1,054,811. Fig. 5 shows a modification of the transmitting apparatus shown in Fig. 4.

The pulsations transmitted through the connecting line according to this invention are on the one hand such asare intended to Patented se t. 21, 1915.

Application filed December 20, 1918. Serial No. 807,916. 1

influence the receiving apparatus, and on the other hand such ashave not to influence the same. The former are in the description herebelow called active, the latter pas-' sive ones. The'pulsation's of both kinds are, besldes, of alternating polarity. The order 7 of the vvarlous pulsations appears from the curve in Fig. 1. The zero-line is indicated by 1, 2 and the linfit of efficiency of the receiving apparatus, 71. e. the minimum strength of current by which the receiving apparatus becomes operative, is indicated by 3, 4 on the positive side and by 5, 6 on the negative side of the zero-line. In Fig. 1

the following pulsations are shown, counted from the left. At- 7 there begins at the positive side of the 0-,line a passing pulsation.

This lasts between the points 8 and 9 and,

turns at 9 into an active pulsation 9, 10, 11, .12. At 12 this turns into a passive pulsation on the negative side of the O-line. This passive pulsation lasts between the points 13 and 14'and turns at 14 into the'active pulsation 14, 15', 16, 17. The other passive pulsations are 17, 18, 19 and 22, 23, 24 and the active ones 19, 20, 2-1, 22 and 24, 25,, 26, 27.

Thus there always follows on an active pulsation a passive one of the opposite sign and on a passive an active one of the same sign.

The pulsation-curve therefore may be com-' pared with an alternate current curve, this circumstance very likely being the explanation of thevery efl'ective reduction of the in fluence of the capacity on the active pulsations transmitted, that is eflected by such a form of the pulsation curve. Direct experi- Y ments have proved that this reduction is very considerable. The arrangements necessary to eflect the said pulsation-curve in the connecting line are obviously dependent on the kind of apparatus, to which the method is applied. In Fig. 2 is shown a step-by-step or continuously rotating cylinder or disk 28 (in Fig. 2 developed in a plane), by means of which the said pulsations can be efi'ected.

The cylinder or disk'28 is provided with conducting bars insulated from-each other and of a number of at, least four or a multiple thereof. The bars are in Fig. 2 four, being indicated by 29, 30, 31, 32. On the axle of the cylinder or disk are provided slip rings 33, 34, 35, 36, being insulated from each other and having sliding contacts 37, 38, 39, 40, hearing thereagainst and being connected with the continuous current source 41, the central point of which is connected 33, the bar 31 with the slip ring 35 and the I one with the other or all with one and the 40 are connected to the negative side and the latter on a higher negative potential than the former. Against the disk or cylinder 28 bears a brush 43 connected to the connecting line 44, in which is inserted a receiving apparatus represented by a relay 45. The bars 29, 30, 31, 32 are each connected'with one of the slip rings 33, 34, 35, 36 in such a way as to give the pulsations transmitted through the connecting line in the rotation of the disk or cylinder the order indicated in Fig. 1. If, for instance, the disk or cylinder ro-' tates in the direction of the arrow and the bar. 29 is connected with the slip ring '34, the

bar 30 should be connected with the slip ring bar 32 with the slip ring 36. If the bars are more than four, theneveryfourth bar must give the same kind of pulsation, and therefore these bars should be connected either same slip" ring. 1

The arrangement Shown in Fig. 2 operates in the following manner: When the brush 43 is passed by the bar 29, the connecting line 44 by the slip ring 34 and the brush 38 will be connected to the current source 41 on'the positive side thereof and at the lower potential. Thereby a positive passive pulsation is transmitted through the connecting line. The tension is so suited with respect to the limit of action of the receiving apparatus 45, that the latter does not come into operation. When the brush 43 is passed by the bar 30, the connecting line 44 by the slip ring 33 and the brush 37 will be connected to the current source 41 on the positive side and on the higher tension. Thereby a positive active pulsation is transmitted through the connecting line and the receiving apparatus 45 comes into operation. In a similar way, when the brush 43 is passed by the bar 31, there is transmitted a negative passive pulsation, and when it is passed bv the bar 32, a negative active one. Thus the pulsation curve will be that shown in Fig. 1. The transmitting apparatus may also be arranged in a somewhat difiere'nt way. Instead of producing the passive pulsations by connecting corresponding bars 29, 31 to a lower potential at the current source 41, the same effect can be obtained by connecting these bars" to the bars 30, 32 of the active pulsations, if only a resistance is inserted be tween them, as is shown in Fig. 3. The bars 30 and 32 are, as in Fig. 2, each connected with a slip ring 33 and 34 and through these by means of'the sliding contacts 37 and 38 to one side of the current source 41. The

' bar 29 is connected with the bar 30 through contact 38, slip ring 34, bar '32 and the resistance 47, this resistance being so proportioned as to make the pulsation passive and ofthe same strength of current as the other passive pulsation. The active pulsations are formed in the same Way as-described with reference to Fig. 2.

The arrangements shown in Figs. 2 and 3 can for instance be used in Morse telegraph in order to reduce the influence of the line-capacity. In, such case one causes the cylinder 28 to move step-by-step for instance under control of a Morse key or a slip previously punched according to the Morsewriting, so that the passive pulsations are transmitted during the intervals between the separate dashes and points in the Morse Writing, while the, active pulsations": are transmitted with longer or shorter permanence for the formation of the points and dashes of the writing.

In Fig. 4 is shown an application of the invention to a handwriting-telegraph system according to our ,U. S. Patent No. 1,054,811. A is the transmitting and B the receiving station. The cylinder48 at the transmitting station is shown developed in a plane. It is provided with bars 49, 50, 51, 52, insulated from each other, and against the same bear two brushes 53, 54 movable in the direction of the axis and situated diametrically opposite each other. These brushes are by a suitable transmission connected with the recording pen of a writing apparatus not illustrated, f. i. as-shown in our said U. S. Patent No. 1,054,811. On the axle 55 of the cylinder are provided slip rings 56, 57, which are also supposed to be developed in a plane, and against the same brushes 58, 59, 60, 61 are hearing. The slip rings 56, 57, are divided into two bars each of them grasping one half of the pe riphery. At the slip ring 56 the bar' 62 (being in the development in'a plane divided in two halves). is through the line 63 I connected with the bars 50 and 52 of the cylinder 48. The bar 64 is insulated and not connected with any other bar. At the slip ring 57 the bar 65 (being in the development into a plane divided-in two halves) is through the line 66 "connected with the bars49, 51 of the cylinder 48. The bar 67 is only an insulated intermediate piece not being connected to any circuit. The brushes 7 58, 59 on the slip ring 56 are connected with the current source 41, the former on the negative side thereof bythe line 68and the latter on the positive. side by the line 69. The brushes 60, 61 on the slip ring 57 are also connected with the'current' source 51 but'on a lower potential than the brushes 58, 59. by the lines 70 and 71 respectively.

By the line 42 the middle'of the current on the bar 52', the brush 58 has been passed source is connected toearth.

The brushes 53, 54 on the cylinder 48 are each connected with the connecting lines 72, 73 respectively, which are in cons nection. with the receiving station B. There the one line 72 passes through the magnet coil74 and :then to earth, while the other line 73 passes to the magnet coil 75 and then to earth. The electromagnets 74, 75 act on the .diaphragm .armatures 76, 77, thereby controlling the writing .device 78 of the receiving station, as described in our U. S. Patent No. 1,054,811.

The operation of the arrangement is as follows: The cylinder 48 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow. In the position. shown, the brush 53 has just "been passed by the bar 52 and has come into contact with the bar 49. This bar 49 is by the line 66 in connection with the bar of the slip ring 57, this bar in its turn being through the brush 61 and the line 71 in conthe brush 53 is passed by the bar 49, a passive positive pulsation is therefore transmitted to the connecting line 72. This pulsation has no influence on the diaphragm armature 76.

When the cylinder 48 lras advanced so far in its rotation that the brush 53 has entered on the bar 50, the brush 58 on the slip ring 56 has entered on the bar 64 and the brush 59 on the bar 62. Thebar'50 is by the line 63 in connection with the bar 62 on the slip ring 56, this bar in its turn being by the brush 59 and the line 69 in connection with the positive side of the current source 41 at the higher potential. The whole time when the bar 50 passes the brush 53, the brush 59 remains in contact with thebar 62, and,

thus an active positive pulsation is during this time transmitted to, the connecting line 72.

\Vhen the cylinder 48 has turned half a revolution, the brush 53 is placed in the same position as is shown in Fig. 4 for the brush 54, i. e. the position in which it .is going over to the bar 51. At the same time the brush 60 at the slip ring 57 has come into the same position as is shown in the Fig. 4 for the brush 61. thus being by its line 70 inconnection with the negative side of the current source at the lower potential. The brush 61 has now in relation to nection with the positive side of the current source 41 at the lower potential. When the slip ring 57 come into the previous po-' sition of the brush 60, thus bearing against the insulated bar 67. The whole time when the brush 53 is in contact with the bar 51, the brush 60 is in contact with the bar 65, and as-thebar- 51 is'by the line 66 in connection with the bar 65, a passivev negative pulsation is thereby transmitted to the connecting line 72.

When the brush 53 at last-has entered by the bar 64 and is bearing on the bar 62,

where it stays the whole time while the brush 53 is passed by the bar 52. This bar 52 is through the line 63 in' connection with the bar 62 and thelatter through the brush 58 in connection with the negative side of the current source 41 at the higher potential. Through the brush 53 thereis accord ingly in this case transmitted an active negativepulsation to the connecting line 72.

During the revolution of the cylinder 48, which has now been followed, a series of pulsations thus j'has been transmitted through the connecting line 72, giving together a pulsation curve of the form shown this turning as a rule is difi'erent for the two brushes. They reach, on the other hand, simultaneously the end of the bar that gives this active pulsation and thus turn simultaneously into the followin passive negativepulsation. Consequent y, as the cylinder 48 here is arranged, there is always a current of the samevpolarity running simultaneously through the two connecting lines 72, 73. However, there is nothing preventing-onefrom arranging the cylinder 48 in such a manner, that there always is current of opposite polarity in the two connecting lines 72, 73, the two'recelving' relays 74, 76 and 75, 77 working independently of each other. The connection of the cylinder may in such a case be arranged for instance as is shown in Fig. 3. The figures 48'55 in Fig. 5 indicate the same parts as in Fig. 4.- On the axle 55' are placed four slip rings 79, 80, 81, 82. The bar 49 is by line 83, slip ring 79, brush 61 and line 71 connected with the current source 41 on the positive'side of the earth connection 42, and on the lower potential.

In the same manner the bar 50 is by line 84, slip ring 80, brush60 and line 69 connected with the higher positive potential at the current source 41. The bar 51 is by line 55, ring 81, brush 59 and line connected with the lower negative potential at the current source 41, and th bar 52 is by the line 86, ring 82, brush 5 8 and the line 68 corinected with the higher negative potentia When the cylinder rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, there will thus be transmitted through the brush 53 and the line 72, supposing the position shown in Fig. 5, a passive positive pulsation, then an active positive one, then'a negative passive one and then an active negative one, etc., which together form a coherent pulsation curve of the form shown in Fig. 1. Through the brush 54 there is transmitted simultaneously to the line 73a similarseries of pulsations, but at the same time as the brush 53 starts with a positive passive pulsation, the brush 54 starts with a negative passive pulsation. Thus there always flows a current of opposite polarity through the two connecting lines.

By using pulsations. of the kind above described the result is that the active pulsations which cause the relays 74, 7 6 and 75, 77 to be operative, in a very small degree are influenced by an eventual capacity in the lines 72, 73, so that the relays will work in exact harmony with the period of time of the separate pulsations determined by the positions of the brushes 53, 54 on the cylinder 48, which is necessary in order to have the recording pen of the receiving apparatus strictly to follow the movements of the pen of the transmitting apparatus.

Having now described our invention,

what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Method of reducing the influence of the line capacity in actuating electric apparatus at a distance by means of pulsations obtained from a source of continuous electric current, consisting in transmittlng through an electric line positive and nega tive pulsations of a strength required for influencing a receiving apparatus, transmitting through said line, between said pulsations, other pulsations of the same polarity as the following pulsation capable of influr station, a receiving apparatus at the latter station, a source of continuous current at the transmitting station, a rotating commutator at the same station, means for transmitting alternately. through the commutator positive and negative pulsations capable ofinfluencing the receiving apparatus, and means for transmitting through the commutator between said pulsations other positive and negative pulsations not capable'of influencing the receiving apparatus.

3. A system of transmitting intelligence including a transmitting station connected electrically with a receiving station, a receivlng apparatus at the latter station, a source of continuous current at the transmlttlng station, a rotating commutator at the same station, means for connecting some of the bars of said commutator alternately with the negative and the positive terminals of the current source, and means for connecting other bars of the commutator alternately with points of the current source having lower potential than said terminals.

4. A system of transmitting intelligencev including -a transmitting station connected electrically through lines with a receiving station, a receiving apparatus at the latter station, a source of continuous current at the transmitting station, a rotating commutator at the same station, sliding brushes bearing against said commutator, means for connecting alternately by pairs, bars of the commutator with the positive and negative terminals of the current source, said means being responsive to pulsations capable of influencing the receiving apparatus, and means for connecting alternately by pairs, other bars of the commutator with points of the current source of lower potential than said ends, the latter means being responsive to pulsation not capable of influencing the receiving apparatus but of discharging and recharging the lines.

5. A system of transmitting intelligence including a transmitting station connected electrically through lines with a receiving station, a receiving apparatus at the latter station, a source of continuous current at the transmitting station, a rotating commutator at the same station, sliding brushes bearing against said commutator, means connecting alternately by pairs, bars of said commutator with the positive and the negative terminals of the current source for transmitting through the lines pulsations capable of influencing the receiving apparatus, and

means connecting alternately by pairs, other bars of said commutator with points of the current source of lower potential than the said terminals for transmitting through the tions not capable of influencing the receiving apparatus but of discharging and recharging the lines.

' lines between said pulsations other pulsa- 6. A system of transmitting intelligence including a transmitting station connected electrically through lines with a receiving station, a receiving apparatus at the latter station, a source of continuous current at the transmitting station, a rotating commutator at the same station, sliding brushed bearings against said commutator, means for transmitting through certain bars of the commutator and negative pulsations of high voltage, and means for transmitting through other bars of said commutator low voltage.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our invention, We have signed our names 1 in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

' EMIL HENRIK WIDEGREN. KLAS AUGUST WIDEGREN.

Witnesses CUNo SGHWIN, HILDUR HKKANSON.

pulsations of 

